| Description |
1 online resource (x, 270 pages) |
| Physical Medium |
polychrome |
| Description |
text file |
| Summary |
"Physical modelling of earthquake generation processes is essential to further our understanding of seismic hazard. However, the scale-dependent nature of earthquake rupture processes is further complicated by the heterogeneous nature of the crust. Despite significant advances in the understanding of earthquake generation processes, and the derivation of underlying physical laws, controversy remains regarding what the constitutive law for earthquake ruptures ought to be, and how it should be formulated. It is extremely difficult to obtain field data to define physical properties along a fault during a rupture event, at sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution to resolve the controversy. Instead, laboratory experiments offer a means of obtaining high-resolution measurements that allow the physical nature of shear rupture processes to be deduced. This important new book is written using consistent notation, providing a deeper understanding of earthquake processes from nucleation to their dynamic propagation. Its key focus is a deductive approach based on laboratory-derived physical laws and formulae, such as a unifying constitutive law, a constitutive scaling law, and a physical model of shear rupture nucleation. Topics covered include: the fundamentals of rock failure physics, earthquake generation processes, physical scale dependence, and large-earthquake generation cycles and their seismic activity"-- Provided by publisher. |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| Contents |
Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fundamentals of rock failure physics -- 2.1 Mechanical properties and constitutive relations -- 2.1.1 Elastic deformation -- 2.1.2 Ductile deformation -- 2.1.3 Fracture -- 2.1.4 Friction -- 2.2 Basics of rock fracture mechanics -- 2.2.1 Energy release rate and resistance to rupture growth -- 2.2.2 Stress concentration and cohesive zone model -- 2.2.3 Breakdown zone model for shear failure -- 2.2.4 j-integral and energy criterion for shear failure -- 2.2.5 Relation between resistance to rupture growth and constitutive relation parameters -- 3 Laboratory-derived constitutive relations for shear failure -- 3.1 Shear failure of intact rock -- 3.1.1 Method and apparatus used -- 3.1.2 Constitutive relations derived from data on the shear failure of intact rock -- 3.1.3 Geometric irregularity of shear-fractured surfaces and characteristic length -- 3.2 Frictional slip failure on precut rock interface -- 3.2.1 Method and apparatus used -- 3.2.2 Geometric irregularity of precut fault surfaces and characteristic length -- 3.2.3 Constitutive relations derived from data on frictional stick-slip failure -- 3.2.4 Laboratory-derived relationships between physical quantities observed during dynamic slip rupture propagation -- 3.3 Unifying constitutive formulation and a constitutive scaling law -- 3.3.1 Unification of constitutive relations for shear fracture and for frictional slip failure -- 3.3.2 A constitutive scaling law -- 3.3.3 Critical energy required for shear fracture and for frictional stick-slip failure -- 3.3.4 Stabilityinstability of the breakdown process -- 3.3.5 Breakdown zone size -- 3.4 Dependence of constitutive law parameters on environmental factors -- 3.4.1 Introduction -- 3.4.2 Dependence of shear failure strength on environmental factors. |
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3.4.3 Dependence of breakdown stress drop on environmental factors -- 3.4.4 Dependence of breakdown displacement on environmental factors -- 4 Constitutive laws for earthquake ruptures -- 4.1 Basic foundations for constitutive formulations -- 4.2 Rate-dependent constitutive formulations -- 4.3 Slip-dependent constitutive formulations -- 4.4 Depth dependence of constitutive law parameters -- 5 Earthquake generation processes -- 5.1 Shear failure nucleation processes observed in the laboratory -- 5.1.1 Introduction -- 5.1.2 Experimental method -- 5.1.3 Nucleation phases observed on faults with different surface roughnesses -- Rough fault -- Smooth fault -- Extremely smooth fault -- 5.1.4 Scaling of the nucleation zone size -- 5.2 Earthquake rupture nucleation -- 5.2.1 Seismogenic background -- 5.2.2 Physical modeling and theoretical derivation of the nucleation zone size -- 5.2.3 Comparison of theoretical relations with seismological data -- 5.2.4 Foreshock activity associated with the nucleation process -- 5.3 Dynamic propagation and generation of strong motion seismic waves -- 5.3.1 Slip velocity and slip acceleration in the breakdown zone -- 5.3.2 The cutoff frequency fs max of the power spectral density of slip acceleration at the source -- 5.3.3 Environmental factors for the generation of high-frequency strong motion at the source -- 6 Physical scale-dependence -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Scaling property incorporated into the slip-dependent constitutive law -- 6.3 Root cause of scale-dependence -- 6.4 Physical scaling of scale-dependent physical quantities -- 6.4.1 Scaling relationships between Xc and Dc, and between Lc and Dc -- 6.4.2 Physical scaling of the duration time of shear rupture nucleation -- 6.4.3 Scale-dependence of apparent shear rupture energy -- 6.5 Fault heterogeneity and the Gutenberg-Richter frequency-magnitude relation. |
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7 Large earthquake generation cycles and accompanying seismic activity -- 7.1 The cyclical process of typical large earthquakes on a fault -- 7.2 The process leading up to a large earthquake and seismic activity -- 7.2.1 Seismic activity at later stages of the recurrence interval -- 7.2.2 Seismic activity immediately before a mainshock earthquake -- 7.3 Predictability of large earthquakes -- 7.3.1 Introduction -- 7.3.2 Long-term forecasting -- 7.3.3 Intermediate-term forecasting -- Other precursory phenomena that may be helpful for an intermediate-term forecast -- 7.3.4 Short-term forecasting -- Illustration credits -- Copyright by the American Geophysical Union -- Copyright by the American Association for the Advancement of Science -- Copyright by the Seismological Society of America -- Copyright by Birkhauser Verlag -- Copyright by Elsevier Science Publishers -- Copyright by Polish Scientific Publishers PWN -- Copyright by TERRAPUB -- Copyright by the University of Tokyo Press -- References -- Index. |
| Local Note |
eBooks on EBSCOhost EBSCO eBook Subscription Academic Collection - North America |
| Subject |
Seismology.
|
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Seismology. |
|
Rock mechanics.
|
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Rock mechanics. |
|
Earthquakes.
|
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Earthquakes. |
| Genre/Form |
Electronic books.
|
| Other Form: |
Print version: Ōnaka, Michiyasu, 1940- Physics of rock failure and earthquakes. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2013 9781107030060 (DLC) 2012035059 (OCoLC)813939534 |
| ISBN |
9781107348219 (electronic book) |
|
1107348218 (electronic book) |
|
9781107341968 (electronic book) |
|
1107341965 (electronic book) |
|
9781139342865 (electronic book) |
|
113934286X (electronic book) |
|
9781299634893 (MyiLibrary) |
|
1299634893 (MyiLibrary) |
|
9781107345713 |
|
1107345715 |
|
9781107030060 |
|
1107030064 |
|
